'in'에 대한 옥스퍼드의 설명들 중 몇 개를 골라본 것입니다.
1) 비율의 표현
Ninety-nine in a hundred were attentive.
2) 영향을 받는 특정 부분 표시
The horse..is blind in one eye.
3) 덮여 있음, 입고 있음, 감싸여 있음, 색칠해져 있음 등
Expressing relation to that which covers, clothes, or envelopes, its material, its colour, etc., = clothed in, wearing, enveloped in, bound in, etc.: as a lady in a court dress, in a Gainsborough hat, in muslin, in mourning, in white, in curl-papers, a man in armour, in slippers, in a wig, a parcel in brown paper, etc
예) A lady in black velvet is seated.
4) 상태, 상황
① Of situation, i.e. kind or nature of position: e.g. in the dust, in the mud, in snow, in clover, in hot water. Often idiomatic
예) Hall..found his working about eighteen inches deep in water.
② Situation expressed by material instruments: e.g. in bonds, chains, fetters, leading-strings, in a cord, a leash, a rope, a string, etc.
예) I am to be hang'd in chains.
③ Situation as to light, darkness, and atmospherical environment
예) Privateers and smugglers who put to sea in all weathers.
④ Situation within the range of sensuous observation or the sphere of action of another. in the eyes of
예) There..the group is full in view.
The living of Framley was in the gift of the Lufton family.
5) 물리적, 정신적, 도덕적, 사회적 상황 Of condition or state, physical, mental, or moral: e.g. in a blaze, in debt, in doubt, in comfort, in health, in hope, in life, in love, in pain, in sickness, in solitude, in sorrow.
5-2) The condition may be expressed by a concrete n.: e.g. in calf, in kid, in cash, in drink, in liquor, in wine, in tears, etc
6) 관여, 종사 Of occupation or engagement
예) The King, in pursuance of his engagements, had indeed married Editha.
6-2) 행위의 과정, 와중 In the process of, in the act of; in case of: often equivalent in sense to a temporal clause introduced by when, while, if, in the event of.
7) 방식 Of manner (way, mode, style, fashion).
예) He told several people in confidence.
He begged in piteous terms that he might be admitted to the royal presence. The baptistery has been restored in Renaissance
7-2) 형태, 배열, 순서 Of form, shape, conformation, arrangement, order.
예) A land company, who afterwards sold the adjoining land in building plots.
In singles or in pairs men began to put in an appearance.
1602 SHAKES. Ham. III. iv. 210 When in one line two crafts directly meet.
1605
1667 MILTON P.L. III. 641 Under a Coronet his flowing haire In curles on either cheek plaid. Ibid. VII. 459 Among the Trees in Pairs they rose.
1694 LUTRELL Brief Rel. (1857) III. 292 The agent..is gone aside, and hath carried with him 2000£ in money belonging to the troop.
1710 ADDISON Tatler No. 221
1776 MICKLE tr. Camoens' Lusiad 339 He gives the prelude in a dreary sound.
1807 SOUTHEY Espriella's Lett. II. 395 Did he, contrary to the ordinary process, begin in rogue, and end in enthusiast?
c1820 S. ROGERS Italy, Advent, A hawk Flew in a circle, screaming.
1843 Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 695 A cloak falls in easy folds down his back.
1855 MACAULAY Hist. Eng. xvi. III. 684 Within a few hours and a few acres had been exhibited in miniature the devastation of the Palatinate.
1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 82/2 A land company, who afterwards sold the adjoining land in building plots.
1895 Scot. Antiq. X. 79 In singles or in pairs men began to put in an appearance.
7-3) 말하는 방식 Of manner of speech or writing.
예) He spoke in a strong French accent.
Bede is writing in a dead language, Gregory in a living.
7-4) 영역 Within the sphere of (a particular class or order of things)
예) The most dazzling cruises in holiday history.
8) 전치사 ‘with’와 비슷한 의미 Uses in which the senses of in (on) and with (by) are both present: e.g. to cover in or with any envelope.
8-1) 수단, 도구 Here may be added the use of in after eat, drink, pledge, etc. Also = (eat or drink) out of.
예) A poor man drinks in a wooden dish, and eats his meat in wooden spoons.
9) 재료, 구성요소 Of material, constituents, and the like.
예) It was in gold, all but 14s.
Half-length portraits, in crayons.
The long coat was also in green velvet, with sleeves and revers in green cloth.
10) 수량 정도 Of degree, extent, measure.
예)
1601 SHAKES. Twel. N. I. v. 61 Misprision in the highest degree.
1649 CROMWELL Let. to W. Lenthall 14 Nov. in Carlyle, Only, in the general, give me leave humbly to offer [etc.].
1667 MILTON P.L. v. 490 Differing but in degree, of kind the same.
1696 Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C. I. 54 In the main they agree with ours.
1737 L. CLARKE Hist. Bible (1740) I. IX. 585 Without being in the least discouraged.
1843 Fraser's Mag. XXVIII. 647 Tears fell in profusion.
1845 STEPHEN Comm. Laws Eng. (1874) I. 79 Any act repealing in whole or in part any former statute.
1875 F. HALL in Lippincott's Mag. XVI. 750/1 Drift-wood was lying about in large quantities
11) 목적, 목표 Expressing object, aim, or purpose: with an abstr. n., as in affirmation, answer, denial, memory, honour, proof, quest, recompense, reply, return, reward, scorn, search, testimony, token, witness, worship, etc
예) She thus in answer spake.
I claim in my reward his captive daughter.
Loudly the Beattison laughed in scorn.
He went in quest of his new applicant.
A holiday in honour of the event. He has written to the newspaper in reply to his assailant.
12) 관련, 관계 Expressing reference or relation to something: In reference or regard to; in the case of, in the matter, affair, or province of.
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